Nogo Railroad

Case Summary NoGo railroad track Dave Keller a chief dispatcher with limited managerial experience has gotten a major promotion, making him the communication manager of the division. However this promotion has shine with numerous problems. Because of NoGo Railroads unique operations it has had little to no contention and no compelling reason to modernize operations, but that is about to swop as Dave has been given the mandate to observe different hypothesize functions, eliminate r be practices and modernize wherever workable.With rumors running rampant through the agreement of layoffs and military control function flip-flops, as well as previous failed causes to implement new(prenominal) demarcation changes similar to what guidance is again trying to implement, Dave realizes that he has a few problems ahead of him. With key problems being cutting employee apostrophizes and team spirit problems brought about by blatant nepotism and feather bedding, Dave believes that b y eliminating these issues it would prevent major layoff for clerks and telegraph operators.Both groups however would have to accept changes that would result in trim back compensation and possibly additional responsibilities for them all. With a firm backing from a Union that is k instantern to be rigid against concessions in these areas Dave get hold ofs swear out from upper management that seems to not be forth flood tide. Coupled with his misgiving about resistance action that whitethorn be causen by the group Dave is feeling vulnerable and apprehensive about his new job and is questioning the intent behind his promotion. movements and Task Assignment 1.Identify and apologise the changes you would sword to the current employment arrangement? Sean Murray & Kemoy Miller 2. What strategies would you put in array to effectively manage the change? Explain the relationship between these strategies and the possible resistance to the changes. Racheal Callaghan & Aundre Hamilt on 3. Using the expression as a reference point, explain the importance of change/change management, and discuss its relationship to effective validation management and performance. Asha-Gaye Graham & David Rogers.Question 1 convinces to the Employment Arrangement (Insert answer here) Question 2 Resistance to variegate and Management Strategies The inability of people to oblige to change is not new. Employees are not always receptive to change due to a combination of factors. Management may mitigate against high up levels of change resistance by taking these factors into consideration and designing and implementing strategies to reckon with issues that may arise. Some factors to consider are as follows 1. Self Interest- Employees draw to resist a change they believe conflicts with their self-interests.A proposed change in job design, structure or technology may increase an employees workload, for example, or cause a real or perceived loss of power, prestige, reconcile or be nefits. (Daft, 2012) This factor seems evident in the case of NoGo Railroads as a key source of disgruntlement for employees was the rumor that they may have to assume responsibilities exterior of their job descriptions without an increase in compensation, as well as a general reduction of benefits with the changes in the contractual pay agreement. . Lack of collar or Trust- Employees often distrust the intentions behind a change or do not understand the intended purpose of a change. (Daft, 2012) randomness about the changes that were to be implemented was far from free flux and easily accessible. Instead rumors, whether true or untrue took main precedent and resulted in increased levels of distrust as employees were not fully aware of the reasons for the need for change and the actions that were to take place at NoGo. 3.Uncertainty- Uncertainty is a lack of information about future events and represents a consternation of the unknown. It is especially imperil for employees who have a low tolerance for change and a fear of anything outside of the ordinary. They do not know how a change volition affect them and worry about whether they will be able to foregather the demands of a new procedure or technology. (Daft, 2012) Poor access to sincere information lead to low trust levels of trust and also suspicion which only increased NoGos employees resistance to change. . Different Assessment and Goals- other reason for resistance in change is that people who will be affected by a change or invention may access the situation differently from an idea champion i. e. in several(prenominal) or group leading the change movement. (Daft, 2012) In response to these factors atomic number 53 may choose to either conduct a pull in line of business analysis of the situation, which involves weighing the driving forces (problems or motivations that provide motivation for change) against the restraining forces (various barriers to change).Another cuddle would be to adopt unique(predicate) tactics to overcome resistance depending on the main factors causing the resistance. Some strategies include * Communication and education, which essentially is the attempt to overcome uncertainty and lack of understanding by providing free flowing access to accurate and clear information about the change and its results. * Participation, which involves including stakeholders of the change into the change process in order to have them understand and hope to the change. Negotiation, or the use of formal bargaining to win acceptance and panegyric for a desired change * Coercion, and the use of formal powers by managers to force the change on employees * And finally, top management support, that sees top executives reinforcing the importance of innovation both verbally and symbolically which signals to employees that the changes is important for the entire presidency. In the case of NoGo the most effective strategies would be a combination of four of the specific tactics, namely Communication and education, participation, negotiation and top management support.Communication and education would be utilise to tackle the issues of distrust and uncertainty. By clearly informing employees of the objectives of the exercise, outlining the actions that are to take place and the benefits of these actions, all employees will be on the analogous page and dialogue that would ensue between management and the employees could be used to provide clarification and reassurance to employees where necessary, reducing the chances of conflict. After educating employees on the change that is to take place having them participate in the change would be the next step. By including them in the ecision making where necessary would mean they would be more vested in the project and less likely to reject something they helped build. Because of the role of the unions in employee personal matters negotiations would be a must as a part of NoGos change implementa tion process, especially in regards to the pay contract. By coming to a mutually acceptable decision, conflicts are exceedingly avoidable. Finally aft(prenominal) working to get employees vested in the change process it is important to now reinforce the importance of the drive for this change by top management showing their support for the initiative.This would assure employees that this process is indeed an organizational long one, and everyone is vested in the effort and its challenges and successes. Question 3 Change Management and legal Organizational Management NOGO Railroad has experienced little to no competition over the years. A need for change was identified by Dave Keller the Communications. Change Management will modify and transform the organization so as to facilitate efficiency and performance.Change is crucial to an organizations survival, as it allows the organization to survive in a dynamic environment. Change is important as it allows an organization to able to be flexible and develop/maintain an primitive structure. To achieve this NOGO Railroad will need to conduct an Organizational development intervention. This intervention will include activities such as team building, inter-group educational and training, structural, interpersonal, coaching and career planning and organizational transformation.With these activities the culture and structure of the organization will change in such a way, which will emend the productivity of the organization, lower absenteeism, increase loyalty, lower human resource cost with the added implementation and enforcement of proper human resource policies. Reference Daft, R. (2012). New eon of Management. 10th Edition. South- Western Cengage Learning. Hayes. J,(2002) The Theory and Practice of Change Management. MacMillian Holbeche. L,(2006) Understanding Change Theory, Implementation and Success. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann.

Employment contract Essay

To raise a grievance at drub the off delimit printing step would be to talk to your descent bus, explain the situation and hold back if the problem can be solved in offici eithery. If, however, the grievance can non be firm in offici every last(predicate)y then the return can be raise formally using the following partStage 1Employees whitethorn postulate in writing a formal chance oning with the line four-in-hand to state the grievance. Where the issue involves the line handler, this need should be made to the four-in-hands manager ( welkin manager). marks should be made as soon as possible and in whatsoever event at bottom 3 months of the issue complained some taking get into. A hearing leave alone be arranged, unremarkably within 10 ready days, for the employee to discuss the issue with the manager. A decisiveness will be made once the depicted object has been fully investigated and the manager will communicate their response in writing within 5 functional days. This should include details of the employees right to appeal.Stage 2If the employee is dissatisfied with the decision then they have taked in full point 1 then they can take their grievance further and request in writing a formal attending under layer 2 of the grievance procedure. This will be conducted by a manager other than the manager that carried come forth the stage 1 meeting. The employee will foregather the decision of this hearing in writing within 5 working days.Stage 3If the employee is still dissatisfied with the decision then they whitethorn appeal in writing to the Chief Executive of the Trust within 10 working days of receipt of the stage 2 decision. A further meeting will take place and the decision will be confirmed in writing within 5 working days of the hearing. The decision at stage 3 of the procedure is final, in so far as the Trusts internal procedures argon concerned.Bv1. Data shieldAll confidential tuition should be kept secure by employees in order to harbor customers and their families. Confidential information (e.g. customer survive plans, support nones and medication administration forms) must not be remaining in a place where non-authorised individuals may view it. Data should not be passed on to anyone with protrude the consent of the customer or their next of kin.2. GrievanceAny grievances should be reported to the line manager to try to sever the issue informally. If, however, it is not resolved at this level then in that location is a grievance procedure in place which enables employees to pursue the matter formally.3. Conflict ManagementIf employees have a problem with another component of staff and it cannot be resolved between themselves then they should contact their line manager for assistance with resolving the issue. If the conflict involves the line manager or if the employee feels that they ar not receiving adequate support then they should report to the plain manager.4. Anti-discriminatory Pr acticeAll employees are expected to act with dignity and prise towards from each one persons individual beliefs and identity. Customers, accessing Oaklea economic aid and support servings, should not be treated less favourably based on their age, sex, disability, race, devotion or belief, sexual orientation, marital status or pregnancy/ gestation or gender.5. Health & SafetyAll employees have own(prenominal) righteousness in ensuring their aver and others health, safety, and welfare at work. We are required to discover and apply organisational policies and procedures regarding health and safety, undertake demand training, wear personal preventative equipment (PPE) provided, use safety equipment and safety devices where required and report any precarious conditions to the line manager or Health and Safety Officer.6. ConfidentialityAll information concerning customers and/or their families must be treatedwith the upmost respect and all employees have an obligation to prote ct this information. Confidential information must not be disclosed to a third party either formally or informally (gossip). The sharing of information may be necessary for continuation of good condole with and support of customers (e.g. between other employees or professions). If employees are asked to disclose information about a customer and are concerned that doing so may breach confidentiality then clarification should be sought via the line manager.7. Whistle blowingIf employees need to raise concern about a risk, mal trust or wrongdoing that affects others such as customers, other staff members, the company or the public then the companys whistleblowing procedure should be followed. The basic stage of this procedure would be to raise concerns with the employees line manager either in writing or through and through a meeting. If the issue involves the line manager or if the employee has already raise their ?Uconcerns with the line manager and feel that they have not been a dequately addressed then the second stage of the procedure should be followed. At this stage, issues may be raised either in writing or through a meeting with a Director. If stage 2 has been undertaken and the employees concerns are unresolved or if they feel that the matter is so serious that it should be investigated by the Chief Executive immediately then concerns should be raised either in writing or via a meeting. Any employee nip and tuck concerns under the whistleblowing procedure has the right to remain anonymous.BviAs a association Home Carer, my role is to provide individualized precaution and support to good deal with social care needs so that they may continue to raging in their billets and in the community. A care plan is in place for each customer that explains their specific needs and what care they require from us. My duties/responsibilities may include Assisting customers with washing, bathing, personal hygiene, dressing, toileting, continence and catheter car e. Meal and drink preparation and dish out with feeding where necessary.Helping customers to comply with their prescribed medication and fill out Medication Administration Records (MAR). Supporting customerswith cleaning, laundry, shopping and other household duties as required. Helping customers with mobility skills, transferring them safely where required (e.g. from bed to chair) and helping them to use assist and personal equipment. Providing end of life care.Documenting the care given at each visit in the Daily Support Notes (DSN). Liaising with other carers and health care professionals to ensure continuity of care.By carrying out these duties to a high well-worn and conforming to all policies, procedures and guidelines, customers will receive a quality emolument that will help them to maintain as much independence as possible in a safe environment within their own homes. The safeguarding carried out by carers is essential in protecting the health, wellbeing and forgiving rights of vulnerable adults, and ensures that they live free from harm, abuse and neglect. It is our duty to report any safeguarding concerns to the appropriate person(s) so that action may be taken to protect the wellbeing of service users.Bviia) Following best practice within my work role helps to safeguard vulnerable adults living in the community and ensures that they receive a quality service that promotes health and wellbeing. It is important that I bond within my job role, follow policies and procedures, keep up to date with changes in policies and legislation and keep up to date with training to develop my skills in the workplace. It is excessively important to work as part of a group, spillage on skills where necessary (e.g. to new staff members) and gaining feedback from colleagues. Good communication skills are essential between team members and other professions involved in the care of the service user as this enables continuity of care.b) Failing to carry out the re quirements of my role by not following policies, procedures and legislation and not complying with regulative bodies endangers the health and wellbeing of service users and may put other team members at risk. Not following manual handling procedures, for example, would put me and the service user at risk of injury and not wearing personal protective equipmentwhen necessary may put me and others at risk of infection. little practice may also result in complaints from service users, disciplinary action and in severe cases it may lead to me losing my job, being prosecuted and/or prevented from working in the health and social care setting.BviiiAs a Community Home Carer I must follow best practice within my work role and work to the company policies and procedures that mirror laws and legislation. thither are also external factors which influence the standards that I must follow to in my work such as the Care Quality focus (CQC) essential standards, Skills for Cares Common Inductio n Standards (CIS) which are the standards state working in health social care need to meet before they can safely work unsupervised (e.g. manual handling, first aid, health and safety training), the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) codes of practice and ADASS Safeguarding Adults A guinea pig Framework of Standards for good practice and outcomes in adult protection work, which sets out a framework of best practice standards. Government initiatives also have an influence on the roles of carers such as Our Care, Our Health Our declare which sets out policy goals to make health and social care work that are designed around the persevering rather than the needs of the patient being forced to fit around the service already provided. putting People First also aims for a personalised approach to the actors line of adult social care.Bixa) Two different representative bodies which influence my area of work are the care quality commission and the health and care professions co uncil. b) The role of the care quality commission (CQC) is to regulate, inspect and review all adult health and social care services in the public, mystical and voluntary sectors in England and make sure that they are meeting guinea pig standards. These services include hospitals, care homes, GPs, dentists and services in the home (e.g. home carers).The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) are a regulatory body set up to protect the public by keeping a render of health and care professionals that meet their standards for training, professional skills, behaviour and health. If professionals failto meet these standards then they may be removed from the register and prevented from practicing. The HCPC replaced the General affable Care Council (GSCC) which was abolished in 2012.

Free Appropriate Public Education Essay

One of the six aspects of IDEA is impeccant Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). FAPE is technically defined as a Special education and related run that are provided at universal expense, under public supervision and direction, and with emerge charge obtain SEA let in preschool, elementary, or secondary school education and are provides through an individualise education program (IEP). (Mandlawitz, 2007)An individualized educational plan (IEP) that is designed to meet the youngsters unique needs and from which the fry receives educational benefits and prepares them for further education, employment, and independent living.These unique education needs includes Mastery of academic subjects and fundamental skills, Social, health, emotional, physical, and vocational needs, and functioning and self- service sills. (Jalvarado) FAPE harp of an education that meets the individual needs of the child, the child with the deterioration moldiness be educated with students without disabi lities, an evaluation and placement decisions must be made appropriately. IDEA does non explain the exact moment of the term appropriate.Parents and schools interpret this term uniquely which has resulted in unnumerable court cases. This aspect of IDEA has be one of the most challenged out of all six because there are so many places of be amiss and loop holes that allow for some school districts to slip through. Even though this principle does mention the child should be in the least inhibitory environment. This environment could vary from complete involvement in a schoolroom with children without disabilities, a separate classroom that has one on one attend for the child and/or a combination of both.This environment is not sincerely don until an IEP is developed. The IEP would state the special education, related run, supplementary aids and services that allow be provided for the child. This allows a child regardless of the severity of their disability to receive an educ ation. It is important for families that have children with disabilities to know active FAPE because they whitethorn not know that there child is entitled to receive an education. FAPE is beneficial for families and their children to know their rights to receive an education.In, add-on this could save families a lot of money that they may spend on special services or private schools that they could be receiving for free from the school district. For example a deaf child that may need a speech and auditory therapist and an interpreter these types of services could all be provided by the school district with no woo to the families in addition to the childs recipe academics. Also the children would bring to pass more social with peers and interacting with others that could not be unwraped in a confined area like home schooling and schools that isolate the child.The child would develop social skills that are desperately needed mean solar day to day to survive. FAPE is beneficial for parents because it could relieve stress that maybe caused by their misunderstanding of why their child is varied and how to help them grow. The parent may alike learn things about their child that they did not know like their child is genuinely motivated to learn, enjoys working in groups, and is very inquisitive. These characteristics about this child would not have been known if their child was not put into public schooling.Educators also play a part in the child and them receiving extra help provided under IDEA because they create the IEP and keep everyone up to date about the childs improvements and problem areas. This aspect of IDEA impacts me as a future educator because it will force me to broaden my horizons and views of the normal classroom experience. Meaning, that there are not any students with LDs or disabilities in the class. cognise that FAPE is a defining factor in the educational experience for children with disabilities will allow me to understand their exc eptionalities and how effectively help them gain an education.In addition I will learn how to properly mainstream them into the classroom with other students. For example, I would figure out ways to decrease to possibility of labels and teasing by the other students because it was noticeable that the students were in special ed. classes. To prevent teasing caused by misunderstanding I would develop projects that would create learning experiences for students to learn that everyone is different in their own way.Also to explore these differences and focus more on their abilities and talents as an individual for students with and without exceptionalities. The students being combined could create new relationships in the midst of the disabled and normal students. Before this aspect of IDEA was created children with disabilities were segregated from the normal student. Knowing that there is large possibility that my classroom will consist of students each uniquely different it is import ant for me to well informed and educated. So that I will be able to effectively educate my students.

Acheulean technology Essay

The Oldowan technology is referred to as Mode 1, preceding the Mode 2 Acheulean technology. The latter implies that it is more advanced and more sophisticated than the former. Mode 1 technology only refers to simple hand tools which include choppers, scrapers, awls and woodworking tools. On the other hand, Mode 2 technology was the retouched and reworked Mode 1 tools. This ensures that their tools were more symmetrical making it effective and useful for its purposeIt has been an argument on whether the ergaster was to be considered as a different taxon since some researchers contract that they feature different characteristics from other Homo taxons and also associates them as the right away beginning of humans. KNM-ER 3733 and KNM-ER 992 are some ergaster specimen that were found. These specimens show no hearty difference from other homo taxon to qualify it as a new species. Researchers still support Homo erectus as the closer ancestor of modern humans and that the ergaster are H. erectus from AfricaThe Turkana Boy was a significant square up since it provides evidences of evolution of humans. By studying its morphology, scientists found out that the Turkana boy exhibits the hatchway of having its own language and also how modern humans evolved traits from it. Bipedalism, brain volume, size of it of canines and inner ear bones are some features shared by Australopithecus and Homo sp. This suggests that they share a common ancestor.Works Citedhttp//www. archaeologyinfo. com/homoergaster. htm http//www. crystalinks. com/turkanaboy. hypertext mark-up language http//www. ecotao. com/holism/hu_austral. htm http//www. crystalinks. com/Oldowan. html

Shown Before Photoshopped

By living in a visual world, companies often go away ads using photoshopped jut outs. The image presented is near perfect in appearance, provided it is non always truthful. Despite the numerous cautions implied by doctors or sculptured on tooshie packets, fastball has been a fashionable trend passim the years. Some advertisements influence individuals in becoming addicted to the nicotine inside the wellness hazard wrapped within paper. Other advertisements tend to sway the spectator into pondering the general concern of the problem at hand.Photographer Mike Stubbss photo of Terrie dormitory room focuses on his typesetters cases physical appearance not altered in photoshop, instead, altered by surgery. By presenting Terrie Hall, a former smoker, in this advertisement, the harsh and shocking truth about smoking is exposed. This picture introduces Terrie as a 52 year old fair sex from North Carolina. A quarter size hole in Terries throat causes ones eyes to focus on the e asing of her disfigured appearance. Directly to the viewers right of Terrie ar large, bolded face cloth letter that spell, Record your illustration for loved ones while you still can.In Terries lap is a small framed picture of her with her child. Unfocused, is a backg around of a white wall and another framed picture of the same child on a nearby table. Unfortunately in a society where ones image is so important, these businesses and their buyers do not want plenty to know the underlying truth. Tobacco businesses would not enjoy the presence of Terrie Hall working for their comp whatsoever because of the effects of her cigarette usage over the years. The quarter sized hole in Terries throat is the result of surgery to remove her cancer filled vowel system calamity and its surrounding structures.The hole, or stoma, is how Terrie breathes. Smoking also causes other action suppressing damages such as the deterioration of ones lungs, bladder cancer, and other various chronic dise ases that advertisements do not consider when supporting their product. Most advertisements promote cigarettes by using a selection of heap that are often fairly attractive. Michael Stubbs, on the other hand, selectively chose Terrie Hall for her true appearance. The advertisement or commercial commonly shows the desirable people in a party scenario where cigarettes and booze are prominent.What these companies are concealing is the truth buried beneath the photoshop and scripted lies. The CDCP, Center for Disease manage and Prevention, started the anti-smoking ads in 2012 and have continued these commercials into this year as well. Officials believe the lean led as many another(prenominal) as 100,000 American smokers to quit (Associated oppose par. 5). Being the only one to return for this years round of advertisements out 24 others, she shares her everyday life to the public.Typically when Terrie wakes up in the morning, she has many tasks to accomplish before leaving the ho use like everyone else. But prior(prenominal) to breakfast, she throw on her wig and puts in her false teeth. Terrie tosses a jack off around her neck in roll to cover the stoma in the middle of her throat. The puzzling message in large white letters to the right refers to Terries loss of ability to talk due to the removal of her own vocal cords. Terrie Hall once stated, Its the only voice my grandsons ever heard (par. 15).Total laryngectomy is the removal of the entire voice blow including the structures around it. The cancer moves into surrounding cartilage that makes up the voice boxs outer structure. From this, the trachea must adapt with the help of the electrolarynx, a device one must put to their neck in order to transmit sound into the throat. The vibrations create noise for the pathway of sound to pass off into words and phrases. Terrie Halls appalling appearance on tv set caused the baffled viewer to ponder the message displayed.It was the campaigns most popular pl ot of land by far, receiving more than 2. 8 million views on YouTube more than any other CDC video ever posted online (Associated Press par. 7). Unfortunately during this pass of 2013, Terries cancer spread to her brain. No amount of radiation or surgery could have saved her life when Terrie Hall died in family of 2013. She was a public health hero, says Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease run into and Prevention, and Frieden also mentions, She may well have saved more lives than most doctors do (par.2).By living in a visual world, companies frequently run advertisements using photoshopped pictures, so the image presented is near perfect in appearance. These pictures are not always reliable. Smoking can cause oral, throat, and lung cancer on with emphysema. Photographer Mike Stubbss photo of Terrie Hall focuses on his subjects physical appearance not altered in photoshop, just by surgery. By presenting Terrie Hall, a former smoker, in this advertisement, states the harsh consequences of smoking.

academic communication

IntroductionThis is nigh academic conference influence supposititious placard and its constituents how they would breakdown into three varied phases and stairss to block them. dialogue is the most of effect portion of our life. We begin to larn slightly of the accomplishments of communication forward we ar born, and most of us provide go on to utilize them until the twenty-four hours we die. We communicate with friends, household, workplace we may stretch on indirectly we watch films, and discover to music. These be every communicating procedure in different phases. We go forth discourse about it in this assignment.Harmonizing to Weick and Browning ( 1986 ) , communicating is the procedure of conveying breeding from nonp atomic number 18il unmarried to an different. Gerbner ( 1967 ) adds that communicating may be defined as social fundamental inter f argonion by dint of inwardnesss. Another bookman Theodorson ( 1969 ) defines communicating as the trans mittal of instruction, thoughts, attitudes, or feeling from one private or multitude to other chiefly through symbols. Osgood et Al ( 1957 ) anyway remarks that we arouse communication wherever one system, a beginning, influences another, the finish, by use of alternate symbols, which terminate be transmitted everyplace the channel linking them.On the footing of above definitions, communicating is the sharing development between two or more hatful to make a common apprehension. However, making a common apprehension does non intend that volume film to hold with each other. They should hold an accurate thought of what a individual or group is seeking to republic them.Communication is besides a procedure, and like most procedures it can be usefully modelled. multitude a theoretical account frequently helps in believing about and under(a)standing procedures and systems.The basic communicating procedure starts when the vector formulates an thought or thinks of somethin g to state. The thought is so convertd or transformed into meaningful symbols. Turning the theorise ideas into spoken or written words constitutes encoding. Thought and thoughts have to be in some signifier of codification to organize catching sums. These encoded essences are so transmitted via voice, missive, electronic mail, telephone or some other channel to the receiving system.Geting the message from the transmitter to the receiving system is very of import, un little the communicating goes from one individual to another there is no communicating. Messages transmit via a channel. agate line refers to the peculiar engineering or method use to attain the message to the receiving system. Major communicating bring are letters, e-mail, face-to-face conversation, telephone, facsimile, newspapers, booklets, movie, picture, wireless, telecasting, web sites and postings. thence the receiving system decodes the message fork ups the message, and gives feedback to the transmitt er. Feedback helps both(prenominal) transmitter and receiving system determine the lucidness of the message. Feedback is a response from the receiving system. With feedback, the procedure becomes a conversation or nonpartizan communicating.Beginning adapted from Himstreet, Baty and Lehman ( 1993 ) .However, a major progress in communicating scheme came with Claude Shannon s 1949 publication of his mathematical theory of communicating. He and other selective study theoreticians at the Bell Telephone Laboratories were concerned with the procedure of reassigning signals accurately from transmitter to receiver. Their concern was non with words or word significances just with coded stuff direct from one machine to another from a or small-armer to earth or from one computing machine to another. Shannon s communicating theoretical account was critical for communicating research as Johnson and Klare ( 1961 ) say in their reexamination of communicating theoretical accountsOf all in dividual parts to the widespread exponentiation in theoretical accounts today, Shannon s is the most of import. For the proficient side of communicating research, Shannon s mathematical preparations were the stimulation to much of the ulterior attempt in this area.Beginning adopted from Shannon and Weaver ( 1949 ) .Shannon and Weaver s mathematical theoretical account describes communicating as a additive, one-way procedure. Harmonizing to Shannon ( 1949 ) , communicating procedure consists of basically five constituents 1. An entropy beginning which produces a message or sequences of messages to be communicated to the having terminus. The message may be assorted types such as a sequence of letters as in a electrify or teletype system a individual map of clip. A message is composed of a set of symbols. These symbols can be communicatory or sign(prenominal). Verbal symbols are words used when public lecture or composing. Letterss, memorandas, studies, booklets, catalogues, ma nuals, and annual studies are composed of verbal symbols. These symbols are besides used when talking face-to-face or on the telephone, apply parting in a conference or meeting, or presending a address. Gestural symbols such as gestures, position, facial looks, visual aspect, and clip, tone of voice, oculus contact, and infinite ever attach to verbal symbols. All messages contain gestural symbols that help the receiving system interpret verbal symbols. If verbal and gestural symbols struggle, receiving systems by and large believe the gestural symbols over the verbal symbols. For illustration, a gross revenues instituteative may state that your history is really of import but so keeps you waiting. The representative s gestural communicating may do you to oppugn the representative s earnestness, and you may make up ones mind to take your concern elsewhere. 2. A sender which operates on the message in order to bring forrader a signal suitable for transmittal over the channel. 3. The channel is only the medium used to convey the signal from sender to receiver. The manner a transmitter selects to direct a message is called the channel. Letterss, memorandas, and studies are the most common bring for written messages. One-to-one conversations, telephone conversations, and meetings are common channels of unwritten messages. Electronic mail, videoconferences and voice mail are common channels of electronic messages. Choosing the appropriate channel is important. 4. The receiving system usually performs the reverse public presentation of that done by the sender, retracing the message from the signal. 5. The finish is the individual for whom the message is intended. present the finish is the receiver. A individual or things to whom a message is sent is the receiver. The receiver is responsible to give significance to the verbal and gestural symbols used by the transmitter. The significance receiving systems give to message depends on their several educational backgrounds, experiences, involvements, sen durationnts, and delirious provinces. Miscommunication terminations if the receiving system gives the message a different significance than the transmitter intended.As it is seen from the diagram, Shannon did non include feedback which is truly critical for effectual communicating. Shannon s communicating procedure theoretical account was stimulus phase for other behavioral scientists because they developed his theoretical account more advanced and included feedback as an of import phase. Feedback is a message or portion of a message that the receiver returns to the transmitter so that the message may be special or adjusted to do it clearer to the receiver. When one individual responds to another s message, the response is called feedback. Feedback is the reaction of the receiving system to the message genuine. It may besides be gestural ( a smiling, a scowl, a intermission, etc. ) or it may be verbal ( a telephone call or a missive ) . Feedback is a critical constituent of effectual communicating because it helps sire whether the receiving system has understood the message.These communicating procedure constituents may breakdown at different phases. First of wholly, we will specify the significance of dislocation or restriction. Breakdown to communication include anything that prevents a message from cosmos real or understood. Barriers/breakdowns are, hence, synonymous in many ways with noise though technological noise ( e.g. inactive on telephone lines ) is less of a barrier and more of an obstruction. A technological job does non normally wind up communicating, though it may barricade it temporarily. Technological jobs are besides mayhap the easiest jobs to work out. When equipment fails, is unsuited to the undertaking for which it is used, or when the job is every bit simple as an wrong telephone figure, this can normally be rapidly identified and remedied. Technological jobs are, hence, a signifier of noise but they are an obstruction instead than a barrier to communicating.Barriers are normally of homo instead than technological beginning. Human barriers are frequently less seeable but by and large more eventful. These three barriers are Socio-cultural barriers Psychological barriers Organisational barriers.Socio-cultural barriers. Communication ever involves other people. An person can be a bearer of civilization but one individual can non make civilization. ending is a group or societal phenomenon. tillage is regnant. The linguistic communication we use, the nutrient we eat and how we eat it, how we dress, what we believe and so on, are all powerful cultural traits. We accept them as if they were non-confrontable and non-debatable. Culture occurs at national, cultural, regional and even organizational degree can be a barrier to communicating exactly because civilization is both powerful and shaping of groups. The cardinal socio-cultural elements that may be barriers areG roupthink is the societal phenomenon which occurs when group behaviour dominates and stifles the decision-making procedure ( Janis 1982 ) . It occurs when societal norms or a group s desire for consensus overwhelms its desire to make determinations that are in its best involvement. It is what happens when divided set and conformance get out of control. Group think is a major job in concern, where people work extensively in groups and squads. For case, group members over-communicate or emphasize their similarities in beliefs and values while, at the akin clip, concealing or under-communicating their differences. This consequences in the visual aspect of tight analogy within the group. Another illustration, the group develops and maintains strong overlap beliefs without oppugning their truth or their implicit in premises. Rather than acknowledging some direction or strategical mistake to explicate failure, the group will apologize or blot external tweets.Conflicting values and belief. Culture is based on shared beliefs and values. When communicating occurs across cultural boundaries, the potency for misinterpretation is magnified. Cultural and societal norms are so deep-rooted that people act upon them without being consciously cognizant of making so. When cross-cultural concern ventures fail, the participants are frequently unable to understand why. It is normally a communicating failure stemming from a deficiency of cognition about each other s basic values and norms. Administrations need to guarantee they are familiar with workable cultural differences before trying to make concern across civilizations.Languages and realise. Even when we re crystallise oning in the same linguistic communication, words mean different things to different people. Age and context are two of the biggest factors that influence the linguistic communication a individual uses and the definitions he/she gives to words. When Michael Schiller, a concern adviser, was speaking with his 15-year-old little young woman about where she was traveling with her friends, he told her, You need to acknowledge your ARAs and step against them. His girl looked at him like he was from outer space. ARA stands for answerability, duty, and authorization. This point is that although we all can talk the same linguistic communication, but the usage of that linguistic communication is far from unvarying. If we knew how each of us modified the linguistic communication, communicating troubles would be minimized.Psychological Barriers are those associating to the person and the person s mental and emotional province. Key psychological barriers areFiltering. Peoples tend to project what they want to hear and see what they want to see. For illustration, at Beacon Research Associates, a mid-sized, societal study company, leaders of each research squad were informed by missive of their work out allotments twice a twelvemonth. When the undertaking director received his allotment , he scanned the missive, took note of the sum of his budget and quickly filed the missive. What he did non eyeshade was the paragraph which stated that the research allowance had to be used up in this budget period within six months. Any unneeded sum could non be carried frontward into the following period. The director selected from all of the study in the missive merely the informations in which he was interested his budget allotment and filtered out the remainder. The consequence was that six months subsequently he was really surprised to larn that the balance of his budget financess was recalled, which put terrible force per unit area on some undertakings. Often our consequences and prejudices are a consequence of personal value systems or our cultural backgrounds. The key to avoiding filtrating jobs is to listen carefully, to read carefully and to be cognizant that we all have a inclination to be selective about the information and information with which we are confronted .Percepts are how we view the earth. We choose our friends because they tend to believe like us, act like us, believe the things in which we believe and do the sorts of things we do. We frequently are non even cognizant that our perceptual experiences influence so many countries of our life. We have perceptual experiences of world that we trust and we behave harmonizing to those beliefs which, in bend, act upon our behavior. Our perceptual experiences can be barriers to communicating. We can decline to admit or go to to what is being communicated because we have preconceived thoughts about its relevancy to our lives.Faulty memory. sometimes we do nt retrieve what has been communicated to us this will take to incomplete or uneffective communicating. Good memory accomplishments can be learnt and should be happy in order to go an effectual communicator.Poor listening accomplishments. incompetent memory accomplishments can besides be attributed to hapless hearing. Day-dreaming, bre eding, listening to another conversation instead than the 1 in which we are engaged, looking nearly the room and merely by and large non concentrating on listening represent hapless listening accomplishments.Emotional intervention. Emotions can be a barrier to communication both in sending and receiving messages. When people are angry, shocking or sad their communicating accomplishments can be impaired. We can non hold in person s emotions nevertheless we can command our ain emotions to a grade. How the receiving system feels at the clip of reception of a communicating influences how he/she interprets it. The same message received when we re angry or overwrought is frequently interpreted otherwise than it is when we re happy. Extreme emotions such as exultation or depression are most likely to chock up effectual communicating.Organizational barriers chiefly relate to the administration s construction, civilization, forms of work and communicating flows. The most common organiz ational barriers areInformation overload. individuals have a finite capacity for treating informations. When the information we have to work with exceeds our processing capacity, the consequence is information overload. And with electronic mails, IM, phone calls, facsimiles, meetings, and the demand to maintain current in one s field, the potency for today s directors and professionals to endure from information overload is high.Message competition. Information overload leads to message competition. The sum of information we deal with every twenty-four hours forces us to do picks about what is of import and what can be ignored. A director can have a 100s of messages a twenty-four hours in different signifiers. Directors are put under more emphasis by the possible danger of losing or treat of import messages and therefore endanger their effectivity.Information deformation. A potentially big cost can be paid by administrations that suffer from information deformation. Taller struct ures mean that information has to go through through more sections and people before acquiring to its finish. This may do the information to be distorted due to misconstruing.Message filtrating. Directors select the communications to which they pay attending by filtrating or testing them. When go throughing on information directors one time once more filter information or reproduce it in brief signifier for the ingestion of others. This procedure happens at many degrees in administrations.Status differences. Directors tend to listen less carefully to subsidiaries. This will take dislocation of communicating.Structural jobs. Administrations can be structured with many beds and directors in the top would hold less communicating with the below employees of the hierarchal construction. The great the distance physical, societal or cultural, between two points, the longer it will take to acquire information from one point to the other.George Eliot says The people of the universe are is lands shouting at each other across a sea of misunderstanding.It is really critical to hold effectual communicating in order to be successful. It can be achieved by avoiding communicating dislocation. These stairss are directing clear messages to the receiving system, and finish the message adequate to enable both the transmitter and the receiving system to make a common apprehension transmitter should avoid the specialized linguistic communication such as slang when composing to an foreigner message should be in platitude linguistic communication non cliches or local expressions that mean nil to a non-native talker the receiving system should besides be a good hearer by halt speaking, put the talker at easiness, keeping oculus contact, being open-minded, inquiring inquiry or giving a feedback. A communicator should rivet bad wonts in order to set up good resonance sometimes should avoid accusals should concentrate on behavior non a individual should be specific instead than general should avoid defensiveness should portion information instead than giving advice should propose more acceptable options should give compulsory feedback. Deep external respiration, remaining entirely for a piece will assist get the better of emotional barriers.Administrations should concentrate on jobs and issues they should listen and promote subsidiaries efficaciously despite of their position. Employers should pay attending to the words and feelings of the employees that are being expressed. If an administration receives many messages from the clients, they should use excess staff for specifically looking after the messages and facsimiles.Communication is good or effectual when members of an administration portion information with each other and all parties involved are comparatively clear about what this information means.DecisionWe have discussed about communicating, Shannon s mathematical communicating procedure and its constituents the barriers to communicating and steps how to avoid them. As discussed earlier we communicate because of a demand a demand to acquire our thoughts across to others. Like animate beings, we communicate with sounds, although unlike animate beings, we have evolved address, which can convey complex thoughts. Unlike animate beings, excessively, we can encode these sounds into symbols, therefore giving the thoughts their ain extended and independent life cut across the coevalss.Communication can be seen as a round procedure. Person has an thought they wish to go through on. They determine who is to have the thought, and how it is to be recorded and transmitted. The chosen receiver becomes a transmitter when they deliver feedback to the brain of the thought to demo that is has been received and understood. Peoples engaged in communicating encode and decode messages while at the same time functioning as both transmitter and receiving systems. In the communicating procedure, feedback helps people resolve possible misi nterpretations and therefore better communicating effectivity.Communication takes two signifiers verbal and non-verbal. Although non-verbal is of import, verbal communicating is the manner that we communicate the thoughts, ideas or instructions we need to go through on. We do this in two ways spoken and written.For a communicating to be effectual it has to be received and understood. There are two peculiar accomplishments concerned with apprehension hearing efficaciously and reading attentively.Communication is one of the most of import procedures that takes topographic point in administrations. Effective communicating allows persons, groups, and administrations to accomplish their ends and execute at high degrees, and it affects virtually every facet of organizational behavior.Bibliographic MentionsForsyth, P. and Madden, D. 2005, personal credit line Communications, ICSA Publishing Ltd, Norfolk.George, J. M and Jones, G. R. 2008, discernment and Managing Organizational Behavio r, Pearson Prentice Hall, 5th ed. , US.Himstreet and Bary 1965, Business Communications, 2nd ed. , Wadsworth Publishing Company, California.Himstreet, Baty and Lehman 1993, Business communications, 10th ed. , Wadsworth Publishing Company, California.Judge, R. 2009, Organizational Behavior, 13th ed. , Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.McQuail, D. and Windahl, S. 1982, Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communication, 2nd ed. , Longman Publishing, New York.Rouse, M. J. and Rouse, S. 2002, Business Communications, Thomson Learning, Cornwall.Shannon, C. E. and Weaver, W. 1949, the Mathematical supposition of Communication, the University of Illinois Press, Urbana.Steil K. Lyman 1983, Effective Listening Key to your success, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Canada.hypertext counterchange protocol //patchwork-st.blogspot.com/2007/03/how-to-avoid-communication-breakdown.html ( 13.04.2009 )hypertext transfer protocol //www.coachingachievement.co.uk/overcoming_communication_barri ers.htm ( 13.04.2009 )

Public School System Essay

Abstr workThe mankind crop dodging in America is a topic that is encircled by great debate. in that respect argon many questions that surround this topic. The look into question for this paper was, is the populace nurture formation failing to score our children for the future? And, what solutions ar available if the administration is failing? The methodology the investigator routined in this paper was literature review, and he to a fault conducted an reference with close toone working(a) in the field. In this paper the researcher explains how the man naturalise system is failing to take aim our children for the future. The paper also explains how the didactics styles ar out dated. The researcher also explains the solutions that ar already in place and the possible solutions for the future.IntroductionFor several decades, the habitual enlighten system has been a topic of great debate. There are many questions surround this topic, such as Is the public schoo ls system failing to prepare our children? Who should project the curriculum? Who should get ahead the policies? And what role and say do the parents boast in their childrens instruction? These are skilful a few manakins of the questions that may come up with the topic of public pedagogy. This topic is important to me because of the various(a) educational background I come from. I incured out my educational experience in regular classes and then was moved to advanced classes and finally, later on failing, I ended up at an option school. That is why I ask the question, is the public school system failing to prepare our children for the future, what are the problems, and if it is what is being done to fix it?Due to my educational background I do believe that the public school system is failing to prepare our children. I also believe in that location are many lend factors, such as, the school staff, the government, the t distri furtherivelyers wedding, and even the parent s. I also believe that there are many paths to fix the system, exchangeable new union and staff rules, changing the curriculum, and involving more than educators than politicians when forming policies.This topic is important for all children in the U.S. public school system, because if the system is successfully improved, their learning experience go forth be greatly enhanced. It go away also benefit the teachers, because they will have the opportunity to truly serve the community preferably than just firing to work. This has become a very complex topic but after(prenominal) reading the research ahead you will limit that the answer is comparatively simple.Review of LiteratureThere is an idea that our public schools are failing to prepare our children for the future. This future could be four year college, technical school or directly into the work place. It is the problem of our public schools to prepare each student for all of these futures. However, it seems that the i dea that their failing has become the sincereity and it is a concerning thought that America is producing children less prepared for the world than are separate countries.The National Center for procreation conducted a study in 1995 involving students from 40 one countries. They tested skills in math and acquirement for students in fourth, 8th, and twelfth part grades. What they name at the fourth grade take was that the students were supra the internationalist average in mathematics and science. At the eighth grade level they found that the students scored below the international average in mathematics, but above the average in science. At the twelfth grade level they found that the students scored below the international average among the lowest of the participating nations. (Calsyn, Gonzales, & Frase, 1999)This seems to be the bring down with our students in America. They tend to level off instead of advancing flockle students in roughly other nations. Part of this problem is due to the doctrine that the students receive. This is depict in the 1995 study by the National Center for procreation eighth grade U.S. mathematics teachers typical goal is to teach students how to do something, duration Japanese teachers goal is to ease students learn how to do something and also bring in mathematical concepts so that they can solve future problems. (Calsyn, Gonzales, & Frase, 1999) Some teaching was tell to be boring and out dated.The students sometimes seem like drones listening to the person in the front of the room rather than esurient the unit of measurement idea. Mike OConner depict in his interview. (OConner, 2012) The documentary wait for Superman also talked just well-nigh the case of the problematical teacher. Which, if your school has one, it was utter that you would be stuck with it? This is mainly because of the union benefit called tenure that protects teachers from being brush off for the wrong reasons, but also doctors i t very difficult and sometimes unrealizable to dismiss the large(p) teachers. (Guggenheim, 2010) Teachers are non the only problem and should non be the only source of blame.There are mettlesomeer positions to the school system than just teachers such as principals, administrators, and city officials that all influence a role in the failing system. The phrase Dependant teachers, in additionthless Principals, Failing tykeren describes the differences between having erect administrators and bad. The article goes on to say that if a school has a good administrator they will attract good teachers. Then it talks just somewhat bad administrators and their need for power and assert. This in turn will attract teachers who have dependency needs and do not tolerate independence. (Muschel, snuff it 1979) In other words, if you have bad leaders you get bad followers. This article also describes how through the use of rules, regulations, paperwork, and language an administrator c an control the staff. They do this to give themselves line satisfaction, but it eventually stops the teachers from effectively engaging in the classroom. (Muschel, Fall 1979)The government officials also play a role in the way our schools lesson plans are laid out. The article Needed Educational Philosophy as a guide for Decision Making in the national Schools touches on this. (Klein, Spring 1977) The article talks about how the endeavors of our politicians change our schools curriculum. It also narrates that the focalization our country is going in comparison with other nations changes our curriculum. One object lesson of this is during our endeavors to beat Russia into space our children were required to learn complex and abstract science and math disciplines. (Klein, Spring 1977)Another example of the politics fucking education is the No Child Left Behind act of 2002. This act by congress states that each state set up a modular that each student has to test at. It also gi ves the parents the serious to pull a child out of a failing school and get them in a better one. In addition it holds the state accountable for its education. The article Conflicts over Directing the Education of Children Who Controls, Parents or School Officials, talks about this act. It says that the schools are more accountable for a students yearly success. It also states that the schools need to use researched based methods of teaching.It also talks about how the act is somewhat of a control of parental rights in the demeanor that it is up for the individual to seek education. Overall, it mainly talks about how the act should service improve students who are in economically disadvantaged areas, but does not touch on the failing children in the more economically fluent areas. (Russo, 2005) Mike OConner also talked about the No Child Left Behind act in his interview. He mainly said that it is a good idea, but it is about twenty days too late. He said this because of the tim es we are in. He also describe how this is the technology and information age, it is time we start teaching in that capacity, rather than make provisions that still support our old system. (OConner, 2012)One other problem which was touched on by the film Changing Education Paradigms. This problem was the fact that children are medicated for ADHA too much and too quickly. It was described that children now are being bombarded by information from every technical device around them. This, in turn, distracts them from the information on the blackboard, which appears boring. To deal with this the students are medicated to calm them down and fashioning them pay attention. It also showed that the prescriptions are abandoned more frequently as you head east across the states. (Robinson, 2010)That is just some of the problems with public education today. There are many more like attendance issues, and the childrens home environment. These are just some of the main points surrounding our pu blic schools problems. Now it is time to address some of the solutions to these problems.As the problem of the failing public education system grew so did the demand for a solution. Educators and others came up with one solution which has mixed reviews. This was the aim of the alternative, or charter schools. These schools are set up for the student to ultimately succeed in todays curriculum, with more ease and confidence.The article An Oasis of Hope the Power of opinion Developmentally (McCarty & Quirk, 2003) talks about how the public schools have fixed some children in low quality, control based programs which give them limited outcomes. It goes on to say that these children need to be put in alternative programs that follow positive guidelines. These guidelines should follow these principles in all children mustiness have opportunities for success based on efforts which are renowned by significant adults. completely children need to be seen for their strengths. all told children must have opportunities to develop qualities which follow a healthy developmental progression. All children have the right to live and learn in contexts relevant to their real lives and dreams. (p. 106) The article also describes how to use these principals in the framework for alternative schools for additional needs children. (McCarty & Quirk, 2003)The idea of alternative and charter schools is in our own backyard of Milwaukee. Wisconsin ranks among the leaders in education, according to the article Alternative Education Programs in Milwaukee. (Howard, summer 2003) The article states that, in 1990 the state of Wisconsin legislated mandatory alternative education programs for children at risk of not graduating from high school. Howard states that the legislation set parameters that qualify the children as at risk such as one or more years behind their age group in the number of high school credits attained, habitual truants, adjudicated delinquents, and parents. (Howard, summer 2003)The article also says that by August fifteenth of each year the schools must have a plan in place for each student who is at risk. It goes on to describe the classes as a fifteen to one student to teacher ratio, which allows personalized time with each student. (Howard, Summer 2003) Howard also talks about 3 different alternative schools which are Silverspring Neighborhood Academy, Shalom High School, and al-Qaida Achievement Center. Each school has a different approach to the alternative setting, but they all share equal success with their students, according to the article. (Howard, Summer 2003)The video documentary Waiting for Superman is a great example of the successes of charter schools. This documentary talks about several schools across the country. nearly of these schools are in the larger cities, but some are in the suburbs. It talks about the great success stories that each school has where the public sector is failing. It also stated that the students gr aduating from the schools shown were adequately prepared for college. The film also showed the demand for the schools in the failing districts, because the students had to be placed in a lottery just to get in. According to the film, al nearly all the students who accompanied the charter schools were successful and most went on to college.Another way the school system can improve is by completely restructuring the way the children are taught. According to Mike OConner, in his interview, the schools were designed to educate children cubic decimeter years ago. He states that the schools need to personalize learning and base the education on cogency rather than credits. One example of this would be not having archaic technology bans such as cell phones and I Pads. Also, with the competency rather than credit program, a child could start school and acculturation at their own pase, rather than six years of elementary, two years of middle school, and four years of high school.An examp le of that is two students start their freshman year one student finishes school in three years, the other in five. Mike also says that part of the solution is pacing, relevancy, and refocus on creativity which will help keep children involved and help them develop their passions. This is the focal points of what he is trying to do at his school. He also states that although these are great solutions, he does not see it at the state or national level yet. Additionally he thinks that if the school system does not act soon on these ideas, Americas dropout rate and failure rate will rise drastically. (OConner, 2012)DiscussionAs the research shows the public school system is failing to prepare our children. There are many contributing factors to this. The way I see it is there are too many people trying to be in charge. The schools are controlled by federal, state and local governments. First of all, none of these bodies are education experts. Second, each of these government bodies has their own interests in mind, not ineluctably the well being of the children. Third, the three different bodies of government seldom see eye to eye with each other.This is why I think the state and local government need to step out completely in the areas of curriculum not in the areas of budgets. I think if this happened the school system will be on one united front, which would be a good start. They could make teaching a federal job then, and at that point they could abolish the teachers union, and the teachers could still get union like benefits. With this they could make the teaching jobs more performance based. This would also abolish the idea of bad teachers and administrators, because if they have bad performance they would no longer be working in that field.That is just part of the problem. The bigger problem at hand is our outdated curriculum and teaching style. I experienced this, my full-page invigoration in school, until my senior year of high school when I was placed in an alternative program. The idea of alternative and charter schools is great, because it gives children a chance, and it promotes contender with the public sector. I think the charter schools are on the right track, but if they do not keep continue with innovative ideas, they will be in the same situation as the public sector. I think the best way for all to benefit is to re organise the whole teaching curriculum and learning environment. I think we need to structure it as if our current time was 2025 and not 2012, because if we do that we will not be starting out dated from the get go.ConclusionPublic education is an important role in our childrens lives. It is there to help them develop learning and life skills for the future, so that they may go on and play vital roles in society. It is unfortunate that the research shows that our current public school system is failing to prepare our children for the future. It also shows that there are many reasons for this such as, the go vernment, the design of the curriculum and teaching styles, school staff, the parents, and, in some regard, the teachers union. There is hope however, the invention of the charter school is serving children graduate and preparing them for college. There are also some acts that the government has put in place to have some accountability for the childrens success. It is anticipant because there are others out there trying to reshape our whole education system to benefit todays needs.Our current system is failing. We are behind in almost all subjects when compared to other nations. This is a scary thought when you think of a global economy. Our children are not as prepared as children in other countries to fulfill job needs on a global scale. This means that our children currently are less likely to have the skills to make the new inventions that will strike our nation into the future. This potential is that America, as a whole, will fall behind other nations in all aspects, and it could all be due to education. All of these are frightening thoughts and if we do not act quickly and make changes now it is only going to get harder.Education is one of the most important parts in building society. In our country we are provided the opportunity to have somewhat free public education. Our system seems to be failing this failure provides a great opportunity. There are many ways to repair it and it is time that we stop crawling with the issue, and start making leaps and bounds. If we start working together we can rebuild the corner gemstone to a successful society, which is education.ReferencesCalsyn, C., Gonzales, P., & Frase, M. (1999). Highlights from TIMMS. Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Education. Guggenheim, D. (Director). (2010). Waiting for Superman Motion Picture. Howard, T. (Summer 2003). Alternative Education Programs Milwaukee. Reclaiming Children and Youth , 121-123. Klein, D. S. (Spring 1977). Needed Educational Philosophy as a travel by for Decis ion-Makeing in the Public Schools. Education , 290-293. McCarty, B. C., & Quirk, C. A. (2003). An Oasis OF Hope The Power of Thinking Developmentally. Reclaiming Children and Youth , 105-107.Muschel, I. (Fall 1979, Fall). Dependent Teachers, Ineffective Principals, Failing Children. Education , 06-12. OConner, M. (2012, February 2). A Principals Point of Veiw. (D. Miller, Interviewer) Robinson, K. (Director). (2010). Changing Education Paradigms Motion Picture. Russo, C. J. (2005). Conflicts over Directing the Education of Children Who Controls, Parents or School Officials? The Journal of Education , 27-40.

Bantay-Dagat Program (Unfinished)

Introduction Our environment is our primary concern today, for the environment that book nurtured us and provided us with e very(prenominal)thing that we need for sustenance is without delay in peril. Pollution, goal of forests, extinction of floral and faunal species, coral bleaching, loss of arable due to wearing all of these, and more, are the products of mans destructive activities that continually be our fragile environment. Furthermore, the constant ruining of the environment often creates catastrophes that can, and will, endanger our very own lives.Therefore, we must conserve, protect, and save our environment for environments sake, for our childrens sake, and for our sake. In connection, we, the students of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas of the NSTP-CWTS program AY 2012-2013 heed to the call of the world for a new wave of young people who can bring careen towards their fellowmen in the context of environmentalism, envisioned to do our part in the fat conservation of Mother Nature.This plan of action of ours is our own way as students to meet local and national conservation efforts towards a more sustainable development of our beloved country. Description The Bantay Dagat Project as proposed by the depicted object Service Training Program (NSTP) officers is a program in which the beautification of aborigine beaches and awakening of the communitys awareness regarding proper waste government activity are accentuated as the principal goals.Background The beaches of Brgy. Santo Nino Sur are said to be one of the best beaches in the province of Iloilo, visited annually by umteen local and foreign tourists alike. However, decades of human occupation have tarnished the beauty of the site, and is now littered with a lot of garbage. There are lot of move debris in the sea, and the coast is strewn with many unwanted materials, suggesting years of uncareful care of the area.

Mr Rana

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Submit this Supplementary Form by March 14, 2013. Personal Details genus Rana Zeeshan 01 09 95 moniker First Name Date of Birth (dd/mm/yy) Address / / ? antheral ? Female 388 E2- Wapda Town Punjab 54810 Country Province/State Pakistan Postal principle/Zip Code Current or most recent educational InstitutionLahore Grammar prepare City and Province/State of Institution Lahore, Punjab Protection of secretiveness Personal information in connection with this form is collected below the authority of The York University Act, 1965. The information leave al unmatched be used to process your application and upon registration and enrolment, bequeath form part of your student record at the Schulich School of Business. 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I understand that the misrepresentation of this information is case for the Schulich School of Business to cancel my admission to, or registration at the University. I have read all the text carefully and am making this my one and final submission. Signature Date Submission of your Supplementary Information Form Incomplete forms will not be processed. disport review the Checklist for Submission below. Once completed, print all pages of the Supplementary Information Form and submit it to the address below by the applicable deadline date indicated on page one.It is recommended that your Supplementary Information Form be submitted former to the deadline date. Limited space is available in our classs. Please send your completed supplementary information form (in person or by mail) to undergrad Programs Unit Di good deal of Student Services and International Relations Schulich School of Business, Room W262 York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 CANADA CHECKLIST for Submission ? Personal Information ? Leadership Profile ? Three Essay Questions ? Signed Waiver ? I have a copy (for my own record) of my completed Supplementary Information Form ? explanation for wherefore you have repeated a course(s) (if applicable) 2 York Reference frame 213127592 Initials Z. Rana Submission of your Academic Documentation All contrasting information, including academic transcripts, language proficiency test scores, address changes, etc. , must be sent to the York University Admissions and not to the Schulich School of Business. The Schulich School of Business cannot be held amenable for forwarding your documents to York Admissions. Please mail any academic do cumentation outright to York University Office of Admissions Bennett Centre for Student Services 99 Ian MacDonald Blvd Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 CANADAConfirmation of communicate Confirmation of receipt of your Supplementary Information Form can be checked on MyFile at http//www. yorku. ca/myfile. Due to high volume, it whitethorn necessitate approximately 14 business days from receipt (by the Schulich School of Business) of a Supplementary Information Form, for MyFile to be updated. We appreciate your understanding that we are dealing with a sustained high volume of applications from December by dint of February, and may not be able to provide receipt chip via telephone or e-mail. For tracking purposes, applicants may send their Supplementary Information Form via courier rather than general mail.Leadership Profile Instructions & font Complete Leadership Profile using the space provided below on Page 4 and Page 5 (please type). List any adulterous activities and/or community involv ement that you participated in during the last two schedule years. (i. e. 2011 and 2012). Examples include student clubs, events, organizations, band, sports, competitions, conferences, volunteer work, community service, paid employment, etc. Include activities where you made an impact. Include contact details for a referee, as we will contact them as deem necessary. referees will be able to endorse the information that you have indicated on the form and holds a position that over serves or is creditworthy for the activity. EXAMPLE military action (include your fiber/position) Referee suffer Info (name, role, email, phone) Mr. John Doe Teacher emailprotected com 123-456-7890 Description of activity (125 word limit) chosen by my school to be a delegate at the Canadian High Schools Model United Nations. At the conference, I debated international have it offs. I represented Sweden and learned most the challenges in the European economy. I met and worked with students from cros swise Canada and it helped me improve my communication skills.Participant, Model United Nations 3 York Reference Number 213127592 Initials Z. Rana Leadership Profile Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) NASA Space School July 2011 Muhammad Ali Lecturer (Chemistry) +92 321 8859967 ali. mughal. emailprotected ail. com I attended the NASA Space School in Houston, Texas during my summer holidays. I was elected by the school administration as the group tiper of my schools team. The program was based on engineering tasks direction on NASAs Mars exploration program.One of the most difficult tasks minded(p) to us was to build a rover. As team leader, I strategically spent our integral budget to buy all the available wheels alone my strategy paid dividends as later on we were able to grapple them to other teams at a profit. This allowed us to buy much resources which led us to our victor y. We were winnerful and were awarded medals of excellence. Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) salve Life Personal leaders Mrs Humera Saved person email none +923227454321Hundreds of homes were destroyed in the floods that hit Pakistan in 2011. I still cant forget the traumatizing sights of my village where i saw a distressed woman with her new born child crying in her arms with two little children by her side. She had nowhere to go since the crownwork of her hut had collapsed. I took her to the camp that was created to provide aid and facilities to the affected. This time was in truth significant for me as I learnt how unpredictable life is. So umteen people wouldnt have predicted becoming homeless and helpless with the entire course of their lives changed.I discovered the pleasure of contributing bandaging to the participation and those in need which made me understand the sig nificance of volunteer work Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) stock certificate Raising Head of Department of Social Events. & Editor-In-Chief of Eye on Lahore Zair Zahir trough at Next Generation Pakistan emailprotected com +923234950392 When Punjab suffered from flooding, I organised a convert bid under Next Generation Pakistan to facilitate the flood victims.I was principal the department of Social Events which was responsible for arranging various events in the form of fundraisers. This was a great responsibility. I allowed creativity within my team where everyone had the self-direction to brainstorm and reach their maximum potential. It was a success for we collected Rs. 6. 2 million. Soon Eye on lahore, the first ever Pakistani network youth portal, was launched. Being its Editor-In-Chief, this successful entrepreneurial venture promptedme even more(prenominal) to pursue IBBA and examine the standard framework of how people capitalise on investments. 4York Reference Number 213127592 Initials Z. Rana Leadership Profile Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) Youth advocacy Network (YAN) Volunteer from January 2010 to 2012 Sadia Sarfraz Head of Volunteer Deapartment emailprotected com +923134904445 In my role as a volunteer for the Youth Advocacy Network (YAN), I was responsible for educating the youth of Lahore about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and organize an awareness campaign regarding the issue of drug addiction drug.Our awareness campaign over this issue has been our most successful work. We had made a documentary portraying the afterward effects of using drugs. My job was to carry out the necessary interviews in the documentary. To take our campaign to the next level, I decided to do something about the growing trend of underage smoking in our community. After debateing it with other club members, I lodged a police complaint against a topical anaesthetic shop owner who sold cigarettes to underage smokers. Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone)Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) Lahore Grammar School math Society President. imposing 2012 to 2013 Mr Amjad Iqbal Maths Department Head at Lahore Grammar School emailprotected mail. com +923334200945 This year I was nominated as the Maths Society President of my school. As the President of the Maths society I similarly had the privilege of organising a large-scale inter school mathemaics contest called Parakration, I was responsible for collecting sponsors, organizing the statistical data of over 700 participants and managing finances. The mammoth budget of Rs 1. 0 million required ample preparedness with resource allocation. This experience taught me how to handle money effectively and made me realize the imp ortance of time management. Also, I was amongst the top pool of International Mathematics Kangroo Competition, ranking 29th nationwide. Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) Play by LGS JT, Marketting Manager Tayyab Shafiq I was a part of a crew for a play. I was working back stage and I realized the importance of letting go of in-person interests and give way to theProduction Manager greater solidarity of the throng to achieve the furbish up goals. I was responsible for marketing and publicity and it required enough stew to emailprotected c maintain effective communication between all the group members for om the smooth execution of tasks. Effective communication was pivotal to crisis management and deviation resolving. I contributed in designing +923338440248 publicity tools and advertisements along with reaching out to various schools in Lahore to attend the play. 5 York Referenc e Number 213127592 Initials Z. Rana Essay Questions 250 word limit for each response) A) Tell us wherefore you want to study at the Schulich School of Business. As it is my firm whim that businesses can truly flourish if their internal structuring is sound, my hope is to provide in-house, economic and efficient solutions to Pakistani businesses to streamline their day-to-day operations. Therefore, I need a very rigorous specialized, academic and professional undergraduate degree in business studies for the realization of my ambitions. Schulich School of Buisness provides just that perfect blend for honing my personality.It provides an refined academic curriculum and also plays an extremely pivotal role in nurturing professional skills. The dense network of Schulich graduates in the business world will give me direct access to the top businessmen, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and economists. Furthermore, the schools exchange program is another reason why i wish to study her e. In this extensively interconnected world that we live in, an exchange term would decipherable for me a global range of career opportunities where I will be able to experience the diverse culture and business environment of different societies.Moreover, the city of Toronto, as a radiant international social hub also appeals greatly to the passionate learner in me. I truly think that polishing my skills from a university known for its mastery in buisness would propel me to long heights in my career and I am certain that if inclined the chance, I would give my very best to the program and prove myself a valuable asset to this prestigious institution. B) In an interview by a prestigious journalist, youve been asked to share your deepest thoughts on what motivates and shapes your leaders style and deep impulse to succeed.How would you respond? I have come to count that life is leadership. To see it any other way would be a fallacy. Think about it. We live, so we lead our lives. And if we are not doing this, we are drifting into oblivion. To lead ourselves and consequently others, we must also follow these are two sides of the homogeneous coin. We can follow our own ego or what others say, blindly or we can choose to act wisely by deeply reflecting on what we observe, hear and experience. We need to relate these findings with the immutable laws of nature that govern life, forrader drawing any firm conclusions.We grow in understanding and vision only when we become acutely conscious and aware of self, of others and of our environment. This ever-expanding awareness is the crucible where the sense of personal leadership begins to take root. You and I represent the zenith of a very long journey of humanity. In this context, I would define success as us being a vital part of this dramatically choreographed continuum in which we learn and share freely, with passion and with responsibility, all along, desiring the best for ourselves and for others, in terms of the abundance life offers.What has shaped my thinking on leadership is the thought that as we grow in awareness and see more clearly, our responsibility increases responsibility to not only benefit from our rich global heritage, but also to inspire others through our everyday decisions and actions. If continuous learning, animateness and sharing is not the essence of leadership, I wonder what is 6 York Reference Number 213127592 Initials Z. Rana Please answer either question (C) or (D) C) Select two leaders one you admire greatly and one you do not. Briefly outline why you see them as leaders, and why you admire one and not the other.D) Recently, the role of corporations in society has evolved to take a more extended view of corporate citizenship, acknowledging and actively savoury in political roles. What do you think should be the role of transnational corporations in rehabilitating the areas stricken by Hurricane Sandy? Please critically discuss the process and social impact s of these multinational enterprises working as non-government organizations. Indicate essay choice ?C or ?D Well I would go with more unconventional leader. One that I admire would be my associate who is the president of a local chapter of an international society called AIESEC.I admire his leadership style because he leads by example. Setting standards for his subordinates and yet being menial at the same time. He provides a role model for his team members and guides them to get the specific goals and tasks that he assigns them. The channel of communication is smooth as he takes time out for every member and makes sure that he knows whats going on in their personal lives hence establishing a very informal and personal connection. I have rarely focus my attention on those whom I do not admire. I believe that such an endeavor serves no purpose.We can and should keep our eyes uncovered to learning from all those we come across. When we witness evil deeds, we realize the take acc ount of good. All human beings have potential for good and evil. Our job as leaders is not to harbor prejudice against any individual or group. Instead, we need to behave in ways that increases the comparablelihood in others of the good within them to surface and flourish. In my view, the root of all evil is our ignorance. and the light of knowledge can illuminate our minds and hearts to the right highroad a path that inspires all that is good in us.However the leader that I wont like to follow would be my football team captain. He has a more commanding leadership style where he doesnt like criticism & works as a one man-army which affects the team equillibrium. Please provide an explanation for any repeated course(s) Thank you for your interest in the Schulich School of Business Please check your MyFile account at http//www. yorku. ca/myfile for the status of your application. Schulich does not offer early admission. The first round of offers will be sent in March. GOOD LUCK 7

Bible as Literature Essay

One of the central arguments of the Old Testament guide Genesis is its credibility as a historical account. Nobody whitethorn n forever re ally know if the scourts written in this book actually happened or not, especially parts (or chapters) where hints of culture and detailed places can be read. Except by chance chapters 1 and 2 which is the beginning of existence itself. then again, details may hire been passed through oral tradition, but con gradientring the infinity of course of instructions between the time of creation and the time words were correct put on to the nearly primitive of ways, details may be greatly distorted.After the creation story (Chapters 1 and 2) virtually all introductions of all chapters start turn up with the bewilder siring a password, and thats sons son. A family tree in other words. An elabor take in one at that, because the writer can come back up to Adam. The Chapter starts emerge as, again, that familiar family tree starting from the c hildren of Abraham and Keturah, Abrahams other wife, up to the fit Esau and Jacob. By this, Genesis chapter 25 provides evidence that it should be taken as part of history and not as fiction. Then again Abraham took a wife, and her digit was Keturah.And she b atomic number 18 him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. And Jokshan begat Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshirim, and Letushim, and Leummim. And the sons of Midian Ephah, and Epherm and Hanochm and Abidahm and Eldaah . totally of these were the children of Keturah. (Genesis 25 1- 4) It is not clear whether Abraham conjoin Keturah when he was still with Sarah or afterwards her death. At any rate, Keturah seemed to be more fruitful, which middling helped Abraham seal his place as the Father of All Nations.Patriarchal penning Indeed Abraham is the father of all nations, heck, we even induce a nursery rhyme to prove it, but what about the fuss of all nations? Or in this case the mothers of all nations? The patriarchs argon endlessly one of the great go throughs in history and literature, which what the Bible actually is, a piece of (very old) history and literature. Patriarchy is the accepted system in almost societies since plenty evolved into social creatures. Social groups are based in this system, governments, religion, and the family alike. perhaps the most controversial of all, would be in religion, beau ideal is branded as He even though no one can ever really make out. But if Jesus and idol are one in the same, logic tells us that the Supreme Being is also male. Theres a popular secernateing that in order to be of outlay in this world one must either write a book, plant a tree, or sire a son. Sons were always cherish by families, especially fathers since they would be able to inherit the familys wealthiness and continue the blood line.In fact, during biblical times, and in some countries, even immediately, people are addressed by the ir names following who their father is I am (name) son of (name of father), or I am from the bear of (name of father) They only recognize who the father is. The theme of Patriarchy is a rude(a) topic today, especially when women now are becoming more and more involved in the society, and sometimes more successful than most men. It has big been argued what the role of women are in the world. If they are fit in all position the world has to offer.Tradition (and our patriarchal society) tells us that men are supposed to be the leaders, but things has changed since Abrahams time. Theres no doubt that men should hold high positions in the church, thats ripe the way it is. Feminists cant argue with that, but with everything else, men and women should need fair chances in finding their place in society. Covenant Theme Now the Lord said to Abram, Go forth from your realm, and from your your relatives And from your fathers house, To the land which I will show you And I will look at you a great nation, And I will raise you, And make yourname great And so, you shall be a blessing And I will bless those who bless you, And the one who curses you I will curse. (Genesis 121-3) This is the covenant that immortal make with Abraham, its more like a promise of God to Abraham than a mutual agreement since Abraham benefited a round from this covenant heedless of his future actions. As long as he leaves his country, his relatives, and his fathers house, all of Gods promises to him would be fulfilled This covenant making business isnt new to God, e has done this in a couple of occasions.First was his covenant with Adam and Eve after they ate the forbidden fruit and was expelled from Paradise, God cut them some slack so they could still live and procreate. Another was during Noahs time after God destroyed the rest of Mankind, except Noahs family, He promised Noah that he would no longer destroy man by the use of flood. Then came Abraham. (Genesis 6-9) Abraham lived a com fortable life before God called upon him. What God was asking Abraham wasnt easy. Nomads were considered inferior during that time plus the fact that God didnt intend where exactly He wanted Abraham to be.Regardless of this uncertainty, he followed Gods will, and left the city, with all its comforts, to live the life of a nomad in the recant plains. (Genesis 121-3,7 13 14-18 15 4, 5, 13-18 17-19 22 15-18) The covenant that God made Abraham is known as an Unconditional Covenant, for the promises that God made to Abraham would not be revoked even if he does not continue to comply on his side of the bargain. As long as Abraham leaves the city, all the conditions would be fulfilled by God. Theres more to it than God blessing Abrahams posterity and making them more numerous than the stars.Lets see what are some of the things that Abraham got from this deal 1. Abraham will become the father of all nations (technically just Israel) 2. Abraham would inherit Canaan 3. He would be blessed 4. His name would be great 5. He would be a blessing to others 6. He and Sarah would have a son despite their old age Brewer, David, Gods Covenant with Abraham These promises however arent instantaneous, some are in the foreign future ranging from Isaacs birth, about 20 long time later, and the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt, which is a good 400 years later after the covenant.Critical analysis of the literary, cultural, and religious stretch forths The first issue that may be noticed in this chapter is from the first verse. Abraham taking a new wife, Keturah. The root does not say if Keturah was concubine of Abraham or if she was taken by Abraham after his wifes death. One things for sure, God is fulfilling His promise that Abraham would have descendants more numerous than the stars. It might sound a bit remarkable for a Christian to read about a Christian figure having concubines, but apparently, Abraham have had lots of concubines, and have had many sons with them.Anoth er issue is Abrahams death. Genesis tells us that he died one hundred and cardinal five years old probably three times, on average, of todays life expectancy. Sure, people back then lived a lot longer than today, but 175 is way too old. The calendar year then may have been different from today. Abraham gave gifts to his sons and direct them away towards the country to the east, while everything else he gave to Isaac. Theres Hebrew story that Abraham sent the other sons away fearing that they might begin conflicts. He might be repair, because Islam can be traced back from the other sons of Abraham.On the family level, favouritisms were already a part of the family during that time. Isaac preferred Esau while Rebecca likes Jacob. Isaac probably liked Esau more, because he was a hunter, he provided the family with his game. Esau would make any typical dad proud. Esau liked the surface and was very masculine . Jacob on the other hand stayed at home, maintenance to the populates or in modern day terms, doing household chores. Of course mothers would have loved this. (Genesis 25 27-28) Divine election is the power of God to fill whoever He desires, to do something or receive his blessing.God had already elect Isaac and Jacob to be the recipients of Abrahams blessings way before they were born. However this doesnt correspond that God chose them because he already knew that they would be more pious than the others. In Jacobs case, Esau might have been more worthy of Gods blessing since Jacob took advantage of his brothers weakness. Esau sold his birth right to Jacob for food, saying that he doesnt need it since he is dying. God had chosen them plainly because it is his will. He is God after all. (Deffinbaugh, Th. M, Divine Election)Arguably the most controversial issue is Jacob, as mentioned, Jacob schemed to buy his brothers birth right so he can have most out of the inheritance he would get from his father. He need not do this because he was already chosen by God. Which Rebecca probably revealed to him already since he is her favorite. (Genesis 25 31-33) Genesis Author The indite of Genesis was probably a nomad just like Abraham, who raised livestock like cattle, and sheep on the plains of their land. The author may have written the book out of the urge to tell a story to trace their roots, or if its true, really trace his family tree up to Abraham.The author must have felt that he had to write into account his familys heritage. What Genesis is, is really just an massive family tree from Adam, to his last descendant in the book. The author might have written the chapters of the book, sitting under a shade of tree after tending to his flock. To pass time, he might have decided that he might as well do something productive during his break. Its manageable that these stories were later told at his household and soon became popular that it was told to every tent in the community.Theres also a chance that the author was a scholar, born several hundreds of maybe a thousand years after the estimated date of its last chapter. He (assuming he was a man) maybe the very first ethnographer of the world. If in deed, he was, he was very successful. He gathered a large number of information from traditions/cultures what the ancient people actually do during those times and how they lived, what they woreetc. , history detailed accounts of what happened, including presumptive conversations that might have happened between the people and God, and among themselves.What the author has done is simply astonishing, generations upon generations of ancient history, written in just one book, and its not even as thick as todays novels. which may speculate that the book wasnt just made by a adept author but by the family historian in each generation. working Cited Deffinbaugh, Th. M. The Principle of Divine Election bible. org. September 1, 2008 http//www. bible. org/page. php? page_id=104 New American Bible. joined States Conferen ce of Catholic Bishops 3211 4th Street, N. E. , Washington, DC 20017-1194 (202) 541-3000